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Overall layout and operation of power plant boilers

Apr 07,2025

Overall layout and operation of power plant boilers

The overall arrangement and operation of power plant boilers are closely related, ensuring efficient and safe operation.

In terms of overall arrangement, power plant boilers mainly adopt three types of layouts: π-type, Γ-type, and tower-type. The π-type layout consists of a vertical furnace, horizontal flue, and downflow convection flue. Each equipment has a low height but a large footprint. The Γ-type layout is similar to the π-type, but the horizontal flue is removed, reducing the amount of steel used, but making maintenance of the rear heating surface inconvenient. In the tower-type layout, the convection flue is located above the furnace, the boiler develops vertically, and the footprint is small, but it increases the load on the boiler structure and the plant building.

The operation process is mainly divided into two systems: the combustion system and the steam-water system. The combustion system includes the furnace, burner, ignition device, pulverizing system, and air-flue system. High-temperature flue gas is generated by fuel combustion in the furnace. The pulverizing system grinds the raw coal into coal powder and sends it into the furnace. The air-flue system provides sufficient air to meet the combustion needs and timely exhausts the flue gas. The steam-water system includes the feedwater system, evaporation system, superheating system, and reheating system. The feedwater system preheats the boiler feedwater, the evaporation system evaporates water into saturated steam, the superheating system heats the saturated steam to superheated steam, and the reheating system further heats the steam to improve cycle efficiency.

During boiler operation, fuel is continuously supplied, air and flue gas are constantly circulated, and the steam-water mixture is heated and evaporated in the water wall to form steam that drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. At the same time, the boiler is equipped with safety doors, water level gauges, pressure gauges, and other safety protection equipment to ensure safe operation.

In summary, the overall arrangement and operation process of power plant boilers coordinate with each other to achieve an efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion process.

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